Cara Kerja Layar Sentuh

Cara kerja layar sentuh dapat membantu untuk merawat dan membedakan jenis-jenis layar sentuh pada handphone jaman sekarang ini. Ada 3 jenis, yaitu resistive, capacitive dan surface acoustic wave system.

1. Resistive Screen

Sistem resistif layarnya dilapisi oleh lapisan tipis berwarna metalik yang bersifat konduktif dan resistif terhadap sinyal-sinyal listrik. Maksud dari lapisan yang bersifat konduktif adalah lapisan yang bersifat mudah menghantarkan sinyal listrik, sedangkan lapisan resistif adalah lapisan yang menahan arus listrik.

Kedua lapisan ini dipisahkan oleh sebuah bintik-bintik transparan pemisah, sehingga lapisan ini pasti terpisah satu sama lain dalam keadaan normal. Pada lapisan konduktif tersebut juga mengalir arus listrik yang bertugas sebagai arus referensi.

Ketika terjadi sentuhan kedua lapisan ini akan dipaksa untuk saling berkontak langsung secara fisik. Karena adanya kontak antara lapisan konduktif dan resistif maka akan terjadi gangguan pada arus listrik referensi tersebut.
Efek dari gangguan ini pada lapisan konduktif adalah akan terjadi perubahan arus-arus listriknya sebagai reaksi dari sebuah kejadian sentuhan. Perubahan nilai arus referensi ini kemudian dilaporkan ke controllernya untuk di proses lebih lanjut lagi.
Informasi sentuhan tadi diolah secara matematis oleh controller sehingga menghasilkan sebuah koordinat dan posisi yang akurat dari sentuhan tersebut. Kemudian informasi diintegrasikan dengan program lain sehingga menjadi aplikasi yang mudah digunakan.
Layar dengan teknologi ini memiliki tingkat kejernihan gambar sebesar 75% saja, sehingga monitor akan tampak kurang jernih. Touch sensor jenis ini sangat rentan dan lemah terhadap sentuhan benda-benda yang agak tajam.
Teknologi ini tidak akan terpengaruh oleh elemen-elemen lain di luar seperti misalnya debu atau air, namun akan merespon semua sentuhan yang mengenainya, baik itu menggunakan jari tangan langsung maupun menggunakan benda lain seperti stylus. Sangat cocok digunakan untuk keperluan di dalam dunia industri seperti di pabrik, laboratorium, dan banyak lagi.
Definisi sederhananya:
Layar yang cara kerjanya harus ditekan, dapat menggunakan jari atau benda apapun yg ditekankan di layar. Kelemahan untuk layar ini adalah jika diletakkan dikantong (terutama kantong celana), bisa tertekan-tekan dan mengakibatkan layar jadi gampang rusak karena sering tertekan.
Indoor: sangat baik
Outdoor: kurang optimal
Contoh HP yg menggunakan layar resistif adalah Samsung Star, Sony Erricson W950. Siri-cirinya adalah dengan disertakan stylus didalam paket HP-nya. Pilihlah wadah yang menggunakan model flip, jadi layar dapat terlindung dari tekanan. Sebaliknya tidak disarankan menggunakan wadah HP model pouch.
2. Capacitive Screen
Sistem kapasitif memiliki sebuah lapisan pembungkus yang merupakan kunci dari cara kerjanya, yaitu pembungkus yang bersifat capasitive pada seluruh permukaannya. Panel touchscreen ini dilengkapi dengan sebuah lapisan pembungkus berbahan indium tinoxide yang dapat meneruskan arus listrik secara kontiniu untuk kemudian ditujukan ke sensornya.

Lapisan ini dapat memanfaatkan sifat capacitive dari tangan atau tubuh manusia, maka dari itu lapisan ini dipekerjakan sebagai sensor sentuhan dalam touchscreen jenis ini. Ketika lapisan berada dalam status normal (tanpa ada sentuhan tangan), sensor akan mengingat sebuah nilai arus listrik yang dijadikan referensi.
Ketika jari tangan Anda menyentuh permukaan lapisan ini, maka nilai referensi tersebut berubah karena ada arus-arus listrik yang berubah yang masuk ke sensor. Informasi dari kejadian ini yang berupa arus listrik akan diterima oleh sensor yang akan diteruskan ke sebuah controller. Proses kalkulasi posisi akan dimulai di sini.
Kalkulasi ini menggunakan posisi dari ke empat titik sudur pada panel touchscreen sebagai referensinya. Ketika hasil perhitungannya didapat, maka koordinat dan posisi dari sentuhan tadi dapat di ketahui dengan baik. Akhirnya informasi dari posisi tersebut akan diintegrasikan dengan program lain untuk menjalankan sebuah aplikasi.
Capasitive touchscreen baru dapat bekerja jika sentuhan-sentuhan yang ditujukan kepadanya berasal dari benda yang bersifat konduktif seperti misalnya jari. Tampilan layarnya memiliki kejernihan hingga sekitar 90%, sehingga cocok untuk digunakan dalam berbagai keperluan interaksi dalam publik umum seperti misalnya di restoran, kios elektronik, lokasi Point Of Sales, dsb.
Definisi sederhananya:
Harus dengan sentuhan jari, tidak dapat menggunakan benda lain (kuku, stylus, dsb). Karena layar ini bekerja dengan memanfaatkan muatan listrik yang ada ditubuh kita. Layar sentuh model kapasitif ini hampir tidak memiliki kelemahan yang berarti, karena layar ini adalah pengembangan terbaru untuk menggantikan layar resistif.
Indoor: sangat baik
Outdoor: sangat baik
Keunggulannya: layar jenis ini tidak terpengaruh terhadap tekanan, jadi walaupun HP diletakkan dikantong tidak menjadi masalah. Penggunaan wadah model pouch bisa dikategorikan aman. Ciri-cirinya adalah tidak disertakan stylus didalam paket HP-nya. Contoh HP yg menggunakan layar kapasitif adalah Samsung Corby Touchscreen, iPhone.
3. Surface Acoustic Wave System
Teknologi touchscreen ini memanfaatkan gelombang ultrasonik untuk mendeteksi kejadian di permukaan layarnya. Di dalam monitor touchscreen ini terdapat dua tranduser, pengirim dan penerima sinyal ultrasonik.
Selain itu dilengkapi juga dengan sebuah reflektor yang berfungsi sebagai pencegah agar gelombang ultrasonic tetap berada pada area layar monitor.
Kedua tranduser ini dipasang dalam keempat sisi, dua vertikal dan dua horizontal. Ketika panel touchscreen-nya tersentuh, ada bagian dari gelombang tersebut yang diserap oleh sentuhan tersebut, misalnya terhalang oleh tangan, stylus, tuts, dan banyak lagi. Sentuhan tadi telah membuat perubahan dalam bentuk gelombang yang dipancarkan.

Perubahan gelombang ultrasonik yang terjadi kemudian diterima oleh receiver dan diterjemahkan ke dalam bentuk pulsa-pulsa listrik. Selanjutnya informasi sentuhan tadi berubah menjadi sebentuk data yang akan di teruskan ke controller untuk diproses lebih lanjut. 

Data yang dihasilkan dari sentuhan ini tentunya adalah data mengenai posisi tangan Anda yang menyentuh sinyal ultrasonik tersebut. Jika ini dilakukan secara kontinyu dan terdapat banyak sekali sensor gelombang ultrasonic pada media yang disentuhnya, maka jadilah sebuah perangkat touchscreen yang dapat Anda gunakan.
Teknologi ini tidak menggunakan bahan pelapis metalik melainkan sebuah lapisan kaca, maka tampilan dari layar touchscreen jenis ini mampu meneruskan cahaya hingga 90 persen, sehingga lebih jernih dan terang dibandingkan dengan Resistive touchscreen.
Tanpa adanya lapisan sensor juga membuat touchscreen jenis ini menjadi lebih kuat dan tahan lama karena tidak akan ada lapisan yang dapat rusak ketika di sentuh, ketika terkena air, minyak, debu, dan banyak lagi.
Kelemahannya kinerja dari touchscreen ini dapat diganggu oleh elemen-elemen seperti debu, air, dan benda-benda padat lainnya. Sedikit saja terdapat debu atau benda lain yang menempel di atasnya maka touchsreen dapat mendeteksinya sebagai suatu sentuhan.
Touchscreen jenis ini cocok digunakan pada ruangan training komputer, keperluan dalam ruangan untuk menampilkan informasi dengan sangat jernih dan tajam dan saat presentasi dalam ruangan.
Multi Touchscreen
Multi layar sentuh adalah pengembangan dari teknologi layar sentuh yang sudah ada. Dari arti kata “multi” yang berarti banyak, sudah terlihat bahwa keunggulan layar sentuh ini dapat disentuh oleh lebih dari satu jari. Layar multi sentuh ini mampu disentuh oleh puluhan jari dari orang yang berbeda-beda secara bersamaan.
Layar multi sentuh ini dapat digunakan untuk membesarkan, mengecilkan, mengubah posisi, dan memindahkan posisi objek pada layar monitor seperti foto atau games.

semakin banyak teknologi sekarang maka semakin rawan terjadi degradasi moral.. oleh karena itu mari kita Ber Internet Sehat agar bisa bikin kita lebih Hebat

Sumber :http://www.lintasberita.com/go/1464728

Tidak ada komentar

What is "capacitive touchscreen"?

In the cell phone industry there are two major categories of touchscreen displays: capacitive touchscreens and resistive touchscreens. Capacitive touchscreen displays rely on the electrical properties of the human body to detect when and where on a display the user touches. Because of this, capacitive displays can be controlled with very light touches of a finger and generally cannot be used with a mechanical stylus or a gloved hand. Examples of devices with capacitive touchscreens are the Apple iPhone and the T-Mobile G1. However, some modern displays like the Nokia Lumia 1520 are designed to support ultra sensitivity that can detect touches while gloves are worn.

Alien Eyes: Andromeda Galaxy Viewed Through the Electromagnetic Spectrum

April 28, 2011

Alien Eyes: Andromeda Galaxy Viewed Through the Electromagnetic Spectrum

 

"Our human window on the Universe is terribly small within a stunningly small range of wavelengths. With our eyes we see wavelengths between 0.00004 and 0.00008 of a centimeter (where, not so oddly, the Sun and stars emit most of their energy). The human visual spectrum from violet to red is but one octave on an imaginary electromagnetic piano with a keyboard hundreds of kilometers long."

James Kaler, astronomer and author of "Heavens Gate: From Killer Stars to the Seeds of Life, How We are Connected to the Universe."

Much of what you'll  see in the European Space Agency video below is outside our human visual band; our eyes cannot register wave photons no matter how powerful they may be. Longer than the visual wavelength limit -- up to about a millimeter -- lies the infrared.  Longer waves, into kilometer-wavelengths toward the unknown end are what we call "radio."

At the short end is violet, with orange, yellow, green, blue and hundreds of overlapping shades.
 
Shorter than the visual limit are the ultraviolet -- all running in the vacuum at the speed of light. At less than a percent of the wavelength of visual light are X rays, and at a factor of 100 smaller are the deadly gamma rays.

One of the great achievements of modern astronomy is the extension of "human sight" -- opening the electromagnetic spectrum to our view and discovery beginning in the 1930s with radio astronomy and ending with NASA's great fleet of space observatories and the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (FGST, formerly GLAST), working to unveil the mysteries of the high-energy universe. Launched into orbit on June 11, 2009, FGST studies the most energetic particles of light, observing physical processes far beyond the capabilities of earthbound laboratories.

ESA’s fleet of space telescopes has captured the nearby Andromeda Galaxy, also known as M31, in different wavelengths. Most of these wavelengths are invisible to the eye and each shows a different aspect of the galaxy’s nature.

Visible light, as seen by optical ground-based telescopes and our eyes, reveals the various stars that shine in the Andromeda Galaxy, yet it is just one small part of the full spectrum of electromagnetic radiation. There are many different wavelengths that are invisible to us but which are revealed by ESA’s orbiting telescopes.

Starting at the long wavelength end, the Planck spacecraft collects microwaves. These show up particles of incredibly cold dust, at just a few tens of degrees above absolute zero. Slightly higher temperature dust is revealed by the shorter, infrared wavelengths observed by the Herschel space telescope. This dust traces locations in the spiral arms of the Andromeda Galaxy where new stars are being born today.

The XMM-Newton telescope detects wavelengths shorter than visible light, collecting ultraviolet and X-rays. These show older stars, many nearing the end of their lives and others that have already exploded, sending shockwaves rolling through space. By monitoring the core of Andromeda since 2002, XMM-Newton has revealed many variable stars, some of which have undergone large stellar detonations known as novae.

Ultraviolet wavelengths also display the light from extremely massive stars. These are young stars that will not live long. They exhaust their nuclear fuel and explode as supernovae typically within a few tens of millions of years after they are born. The ultraviolet light is usually absorbed by dust and re-emitted as infrared, so the areas where ultraviolet light is seen directly correspond to relatively clear, dust-free parts of Andromeda.

By putting all of these observations together, and seeing Andromeda in its many different colours, astronomers are able to follow the life cycle of the stars.

ESA Andromeda Video

Get Your Daily Dose of Awe @'The Daily Galaxy' in Your Facebook News Feed

Aura Introduction

There is nothing "paranormal" in the Universe, except our limited understanding of Nature. What we think we "know" on Earth now is just a tiny drop in the Ocean of Knowledge. In the distant past, people admired things they could not explain and called them "miracles".

Long ago, people were able to see Auras. Very advanced spiritual people such as Buddha, Christ and their immediate students were painted with golden haloes around their heads, because some artists could actually see Auras. In Australia remote West Kimberleys you can find prehistoric cave paintings (right), many thousands of years old, depicting people with golden haloes.

Nature gave us all we need to see Auras. All is required is the knowledge how to use your senses together with your conscious effort. If you decide not to try, you will never see the Aura. When you see something for yourself, no longer you need to rely on believing someone. You will know. And you can use your knowledge to learn more.

Many great people in the past complained that "we have eyes and we do not see". Further in this document you will discover what they meant.

Anyone can see auras to some degree. Rather than create an aura of mystery around my newly acquired skill, my approach is to show everyone what their eyes are capable of. When nearly everyone (including children) sees a similar thing, I consider this a part of our Nature and I say that it deserves our attention.

What is an Aura

Everything in the Universe is just a vibration. Every atom, every part of an atom, every electron, every elementary "particle", even our thoughts and consciousness are just vibrations. We may define the Aura as a vibration surrounding every material object. This definition is sufficient for the purpose of reading Auras, providing that we can train ourselves to see Aura vibration.

· Aura around living (conscious) objects (people, plants ...) changes with time, sometimes very quickly.

· Aura around non-living object (stones, crystals, water...) is essentially fixed.

Above facts have been confirmed beyond any doubt by scientists in Russia, who have been using Kirlian effect to study Auras for the last 50 years. The Aura around humans is partly composed from EM (electromagnetic) radiation, spanning from microwave, infrared (IR) to UV light. The low frequency microwave and infrared part of the spectrum (body heat) seems to be related to the low levels of the functioning of our body (DNA structure, metabolism, circulation etc.) whereas high frequency (UV part) is more related to our conscious activity such as thinking, creativity, intentions, sense of humour and emotions.

Russian scientists, who are 3 decades ahead of everyone else in Aura research, discovered that our DNA can be altered, by influencing its microwave Aura. The high frequency UV part is very important and most interesting but largely unexplored. And this part can be seen with your eyes.

Why Do We Need To See Auras

Colours and intensity of the aura, especially around and above the head have very special meanings. Watching someone's aura you can actually see the other person's thoughts before you hear them expressed verbally. If they do not agree with what this person is saying, you effectively see a lie every time. No one can lie in front of you undetected. We cannot fake the Aura. It shows our True Nature and intentions for everyone to see.

Also, aura is our spiritual signature. When you see a person with a bright, clean aura, you can be SURE that such person is good and spiritually advanced, even if he/she is modest and not aware of it. When you see a person with a gray or dark aura, you may be SURE, that such person has unclear intentions, regardless how impressive, eloquent, educated, "good looking" or "well dressed" he/she seems to appear.

It is especially important to check the aura of any religious leader, "spiritual teacher", "master" or a "guru". Such person should have a clearly defined yellow-golden halo around the head. If he/she does not have it, you are much better on your own.

Joining a sect or a religion that is led by incompetent people without good Auras is very dangerous for your consciousness. Where is the danger ? When the time comes to really use the information stored in your consciousness from this lifetime, there may be almost nothing useful there, if you focus your life on following rituals and the flock of other people.

In such case it is necessary to re-learn everything from the beginning. Most sect, religion and political leaders have only two things in mind: money and power to control people. And you can see it in their Aura for yourself. Imagine changes on Earth if many people can see Auras of their leaders and start choosing them on the basis of their Auras.

Reading Aura you can diagnose malfunctions in the body (diseases) long before physical symptoms become evident. By consciously controlling your Aura you can actually heal yourself.

However, healing of the physical body is nothing in comparison to what seeing and reading auras can do for our consciousness, spiritual development and our awareness of Nature.

Everyone has an Aura. But most people on Earth have very weak and dull Auras. This is a direct consequence of their life long materialistic attitude negating and suppressing the development of consciousness, cultivating fear, envy, jealousy and other similar emotions. Such attitude suppresses their True Nature, and their Auras become suppressed too.

When you learn to see Auras, be prepared for a really hard question: "Can you tell me what my Aura is ?" and the situation when you don't see any Aura or you see something you don't want to talk about. One of the best answers I found is "why don't you learn to see it for yourself ?". And this is one of the main reasons why I teach people to see auras.

When people realize that their Aura is on display and many people are able to see it, they will watch what they think. And they will try to see and improve their own Aura. In the process they will become better and wiser, being able to recognize intentions of other people. Surely, the entire world will become much better if all people can see and read Auras.

Meaning of Clean Colors of the Aura

(colors of the rainbow, bright, shiny, monochromatic colors):

Purple: indicates spiritual thoughts. Purple is never a strong point in the Aura. It appears only as temporary "clouds" and "flames", indicating truly spiritual thoughts.

Blue: Balanced existence, sustaining life, eased nerve system, transmitting forces and energy. People with blue strong point in their Aura are relaxed, balanced and feel ready to live in a cave and survive. They are born survivors. Blue thought is a thought about relaxing the nerve system to achieve the balance of the mind or a thought about surviving. Electric blue can override any other color in the Aura, when the person is receiving and/or transmitting information in a telepathic communication. For example Michel Desmarquet, author of "Thiaoouba Prophecy", frequently glows with the electric blue during his lectures, especially when he answers questions from the public.

Turquoise: indicates dynamic quality of being, highly energized personality, capable of projection, influencing other people. People with turquoise strong point in their Aura can do many things simultaneously and are good organizers. They feel bored when forced to concentrate on one thing. People love bosses with turquoise Auras, because such bosses explain their goals and influence their team rather than demand executing their commands. Turquoise thought is a thought about organizing and influencing others.

Green: restful, modifying energy, natural healing ability. All natural healers should have it. People with a green strong point in their Auras are natural healers. The stronger the green Aura, the better the healer. They also love gardening and usually have a "green hand" - anything grows for them. Being in a presence of a person with a strong and green Aura is a very peaceful and restful experience. Green thought indicates a restful state and healing.

Yellow: joy, freedom, non-attachment, freeing or releasing vital forces. People who glow yellow are full of inner joy, very generous and not attached to anything. Yellow halo around the head: high spiritual development. A signature of a spiritual teacher. Do not accept spiritual teachings from anyone who does not have such a yellow halo. Buddha and Christ had yellow halos extending to their arms. Today it is rare on Earth to find a person with a halo larger than 1 inch. Yellow halo appears as a result of a highly active brow chakra (which can be seen glowing with violet by many people at my workshops). Highly spiritual people stimulate the brow chakra continuously for many years, because they always have intensive spiritual thoughts in their minds. When this chakra is observed when highly active, a yellow (Auric pair) halo appears around it, surrounding the entire head. Yellow thought indicates a moment of joy and contentment.

 
Orange: uplifting and absorbing. Inspiring. A sign of power. Ability and/or desire to control people. When orange becomes a strong point, it usually contributes to a yellow halo, which then becomes gold, indicating not only a spiritual teacher, but a powerful spiritual teacher, someone capable of demonstrating his/her unique abilities. Orange thought is a thought about exercising power or a desire to control people.

Red: materialistic thoughts, thoughts about the physical body. Predominantly red Aura indicates materialistically oriented person. It is the color of a person who is preoccupied with their physical body, and who's thoughts dwell on material desires.

Pink (=purple+red): love (in a spiritual sense). To obtain a clean pink, you need to mix the purple (the highest frequency we perceive) with red (the lowest frequency). Pink Aura indicates that the person achieved a perfect balance between spiritual awareness and the material existence. The most advanced people have not only a yellow halo around the head (a permanent strong point in the Aura) but also a large pink Aura extending further away. The pink color in the Aura is quite rare on Earth and appears only as a temporary thought, never as a strong point in the Aura.

Meaning of Dirty colors:

(colors appearing darker than background more like a smoke than a glow)

Brown: unsettling, distracting, materialistic, negating spirituality.

Gray: dark thoughts, depressing thoughts, unclear intentions, presence of a dark side of personality.

Sulfur (color of a mustard): pain or lack of ease, anger

White: serious disease, artificial stimulation (drugs). Why does the white color in the Aura indicate problems? White color is like a noise, rather than a set of harmonious tones (monochromatic colors). It is impossible to "tune" the noise to an orchestra playing harmonious music, hence the white Aura indicates a lack of harmony in the body and mind. Nature, which we are a part of, is harmonious. This harmony comes in discrete vibration "tones" or harmonics, partially described by the modern quantum physics.

Several hours before the death, the Aura becomes white, and greatly increases in intensity. For this reason in most cultures "death" is depicted in WHITE (not black), because in the past, people could actually see a white Aura before death. It seems that our ancestors knew much more than we are prepared to admit.